Tax Allowances in Petroleum Industry Assignment

Tax Allowances in Petroleum Industry - Assignment Example Earlier experiences from such attempts by other nations have been considered for comparative analysis of the factors. The paper comprises of four parts. Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan are two states that broke away from the Russian federation after the fall of the former Soviet Union. They are both members of the CIS and have immense wealth of mineral oil and crude deposits. Together they comprise more than a third of the CIS's total energy reserves. However they are both classified as nascent developing states and as nascent states have it, the political economy of both countries suffer from huge administrative lethargy. Both countries bet heavily of the oil reserves and are striving to attract foreign investments in these sectors. Azerbaijan has made great leaps and has overtaken Kazakhstan in terms of volumetric performance of the oil sector. But as economists point out, its fiscal policies lack the complexity to accommodate the sudden surge in revenue. Hence their revenue from oil will peak towards the end of the decade and then stabilise on a relatively low rate of declaration. Kazakhstan on the other hand has seen very little dramatic... It is in these contexts that the fiscal reforms of the countries have to be considered as far as reforms in the oil sector taxation will be studied. 1. Overview of the tax systems in Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan Oil Industry Tax system in Kazakhstan oil industry The Taxation system in Kazakhstan is the most renowned model in the erstwhile Soviet Union. The Tax Code of 2002 implied an "international model of taxation, based on the principles of equity, economic neutrality and simplicity". During the year 1996, a Treaty on the Avoidance of Double Taxation was signed between United States and Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan has since signed 36 such agreements with various foreign governments until today1. The four main laws which govern the petroleum sector in Kazakhstan are: The Subsurface Law The Petroleum Law The Tax Code (2001) Law on Production Sharing Agreement for the sake of offshore oil dealings (zakhstan Oil and Gas Tax Guide) Taxation on Oil and Gas The new tax code that came in to force wef. 1st January 2002 has remarkably decreased the number of taxed sectors from a previous 53 to 36. The new code reflected better insight and clarity in the tax regime rather than the previous clumsy one. These new taxes were more detailed, and comprehensive. With this emerged a new framework on long term taxation issues in the petroleum industry and for the first time, long term financial planning and better feasibility studies could be effectively done by investors in the sector. The improved Tax Code which came in to effect from January 1, 2005 brought changes in tax regulations and lowered the economic load of investors considerably. The chief tax heads for companies dealing in the oil and gas sector are Corporate Income Tax, Value

A Comparison and Contrast of the Paleo and Vegan Diets Research Paper

A Comparison and Contrast of the Paleo and Vegan Diets - Research Paper Example The Paleo diet gets its basis on the foods that people presume early human took, and they mainly consist of fish, vegetables, meat, and fruits. It aims at creating the diet similar to the caveman. The people observing this kind of diet do not take processed foods, grain, and dairy product. According to the Paleo diet, there are minimal changes to the human DNA for the past 40000 years (Cordain, 2011). However, during these periods, human relied on hunting and gathering as a source of their food. Hence, while considering the genetic makeup of human being, the dietary needs are still the same. According to this diet, nature always governed the type of food a person consumes before the era of civilization. Using the foods that our ancestors consumed will be ideal for nourishing the body rather than using the modern processed foods since there are no changes in our body system with civilization. The diet gives priority to hunted animals or that fed natural pasture. The hunters and gatherers favored eating animal foods over those obtained from plants. Nonetheless, there is a need to consider the quality of the meat and freshness. It encourages moderate enjoyment of nuts, seeds, and fruits. Moreover, the individuals using this diet system avoid processed foods that easily cause harm to the body. The diet also eliminates grains, legume, dairy and processed foods. According to the foods in Paleo diets, it consists of foods that have low to moderate carbohydrate, enough animal protein, and high-fat content.

Tesco Rapidly Changing Environment Business Essay

Tesco Rapidly Changing Environment Business Essay Todays world is a rapidly changing place. Part of rapidly changing environment that managers face is the globalization of business. Management is no longer constrained by national borders. In order to function and to survive, organization has to interact constantly with the world outside. Developments across a range of factors will have an impact on your business or industry. Business environment is a set of political, economic, social and technological (PEST) forces that are largely outside the control and influence of a business and that can potentially have both a positive and a negative impact on the business. You need to understand how the external environment affects and influences the organization structure. In this situation for achieving high performance manager need to adapt an organization. In this report TESCOs business environment is describe here. Using SWOT and PESTLE analysis tool TESCOs business strategy clearly define. Introduction of TESCO Tesco was founded by Sir Jack Cohen in 1924. In 1919 Jack Cohen started to selling groceries in Londons markets. The Tea is the first product in which the brand name of Tesco appeared in 1920. So the name Tesco comes from the initials of TE Stockwell who was a partner in the firm of tea suppliers. The first store of Tesco was opened in 1929 in Burnt oak, Edgware. Today TESCO is one of the top three international retailers with 366,000 worldwide staff, more than 2500 stores in twelve countries which sales  £41.8 billion. The vision and philosophy of TESCO is that Every Little Helps is behind everything we do. The Corporate Social Responsibility policy objective is to earn the trust of customers by acting good services and good relation between customers and suppliers and by building goodwill. They doing this only for earn customers loyalty and it is core purpose of Tesco. Tesco has four types of store formats for instance, Tesco Metro, Tesco Express, Tesco superstore and Tesco Extra (24 hour) all of them provide different shopping experience but same outstanding value. Tesco sells both food and non-food items. The leading market position improves its brand image and it provides a platform to start private label brands. The items include food, CDs, Books, medicine, tobacco, fruits, vegetables, alcohol, clothes, toys and electrical goods. Tesco has an exciting brand name. It is related with the good quality, honest goods and services that characterize excellent value. A strong brand name and moreover the attractive customer preservation rates are helps the group to introduce more products under its own labels and allocate it to enter new markets. Tesco.com is one of the leading online grocery shopping services in the world and the fourth biggest online retailer in the UK. Amazon, Dell and Argos are placed in the first three positions. Tesco.com serves m ore than one million regular customers in the UK including households from both urban and rural areas. The group has developed tesco.com-only store, an online service, for the customer in the UK with limited accessibility to physical stores. Tesco operates three types of operations: The First one is UK operations; it is categorized by five formats which are different from size, location and products. The largest operation of UK is in new cast. In addition to food, it also operates in the non food fragment items including clothing, electrical goods, home entertainment, stationery, kitchen items and furnitures. The Second operation is outside UK. The other British retailers who tried to expand international business have failed but Tesco has been succeeding to build an international business. It started this operation in 2004. The Third one is Internet operations. In 1994 Tesco also started to operate internet and it is the first retailer in the world who offered home shopping service since 1996. It expanded online ranges as books, wine, movies and electrical goods. From the above information it is clear that although the performance of TESCO has been affected in some areas but it has still value in the market due to reput ation and name of TESCO in the market. However TESCO achieved its target in food sector. TESCO ltd has been survived through competition over the last four years in the market but still it is one of the largest retailer companies in the UK. SWOT ANALYSIS: SWOT analysis is a tool for auditing an organization and its environment. It is the first stage of planning and helps managers to focus on key issues. SWOT means Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. Strengths and Weaknesses are internal factors. Opportunities and Threats are external factors. Strengths In global market place TESCO have secured commercial standing because of winning World Retail Awards in Year 2008. This can be used for marketing campaigns to drive advantage towards the demographic base for future growth and sustainability. In an environment where global retail sales are showing decline TESCO Group has published sales gain of 13% for UK markets and 26% growth in international markets. Tesco.com is the worlds biggest online supermarket. Tesco online now operates in over 270 stores around the country, covering 96% of the UK. With over a million households nationwide having used the companys online services, the company has a strong platform to further develop this revenue stream. Profits for Tescos operations in Europe, Asia and Ireland increased by 78% during the last fiscal year. The company has a strong brand image, and is associated with good quality, trustworthy goods that represent excellent value. Since acquiring number one ranking in 1996, Tesco has developed a successful multi format strategy that has accelerated its advantage. Its UK sales are now 71% larger than Sainsburys. Weaknesses: TESCOs position as a price leader in UK markets can lead to reduced profit margins in order to retain the key price points on must have commercial items. TESCO Finance profit levels were impacted through credit card arrears, bad debt and household insurance claims. One of Tescos weaknesses has been its failure to dominate the city centre marketplace. Although it has some prominent city centre stores, e.g. the Carlisle store in the North of England, it has failed to make them universal. Grocer outlets are not set up to operate as specialist retailers in specific areas of product which can be capitalized on by other smaller bespoke retailers. Opportunities: Statistics suggest TESCO is the third largest global grocer which indicates a level of buying power to ensure mainstream economies of scale. The acquisition of whoever provides the opportunity to develop the brand through Asia, specifically South Korea and further grow International markets for the group. The development of Tesco Direct through online and catalogue shopping will grow the use of technology. Providing non food based products with moderate to high margin returns and less focus on sales and margin per foot return to space. TESCO mobile have grown 0.25 million customers in 2008 and moved into profitable status suggesting further growth and development within this technological area can be developed. Threats: Food and non food items raw material cost is rising, will impact profit margins overall. In far East locations exporting restrictions on some non food product areas will reduce margin rates on products with already low margins. American and UK markets have been affected by economic concerns through the credit crunch. Lower available income will impact and strategic focus may need to change to lower priced basic products with less focus on higher priced brands suggesting a switch in price architecture. For TESCO, there is a persistent threat of takeover from the market leader Wal-Mart who has both means and motive to pursue such action. PESTLE analysis: In analyzing the macro-environment, it is important to identify the factors that might in turn affect a number of vital variables that are likely to influence the organizations supply and demand levels and its costs (Kotter and Schlesinger, 1991; Johnson and Scholes, 1993). Because of ongoing changes that impact the whole organization. PESTLE analysis categorizes environmental influences as Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal forces. The analysis examines the impact of each of these factors (and their interplay with each other) on the business. Using these results take advantage of opportunities and to make contingency plans for threats when preparing Business and Strategic plans. Political Factors: Tesco now operates in six countries in Europe in addition to the UK. Tescos performance is highly influenced by the political and legislative conditions of these countries, including the European Union (EU). For employment legislations, the government encourages retailers to provide a mix of job opportunities from flexible, lower-paid and locally-based jobs to highly-skilled, higher-paid and centrally-located jobs (Balchin, 1994). Also to meet the demand from population categories such as students, working parents and senior citizens. Tesco understands that retailing has a great impact on jobs and people factors, being an inherently local and labour-intensive sector. Tesco employs large numbers of student, disabled and elderly workers, often paying them lower rates. In an industry with a typically high staff turnover, these workers offer a higher level of loyalty and therefore represent desirable employees. Economical Factors: Economic factors are of concern to Tesco, because they are likely to influence demand, costs, prices and profits. One of the most influential factors on the economy is high unemployment levels, which decreases the effective demand for many goods, adversely affecting the demand required to produce such goods. These economic factors are largely outside the control of the company, but their effects on performance and the marketing mix can be profound. Although international business is still growing and is expected to contribute greater amounts to Tescos profits over the next few years, the company is still highly dependent on the UK market. Hence, Tesco would be badly affected by any slowdown in the UK food market and are exposed to market concentration risks. Social Factors: Current trends indicate that British customers have moved towards one-stop and bulk shopping, which is due to a variety of social changes. Tesco have, therefore, increased the amount of non-food items available for sale. UK retailers are also focusing on added-value products and services. In addition, the focus is now towards; the supply chain, the own-label share of the business mix and other operational improvements, which can drive costs out of the business. National retailers are increasingly reticent to take on new suppliers (Clarke, Bennison and Guy,1994; Datamonitor Report, 2003). The type of goods and services demanded by consumers is a function of their social conditioning. Consumers are becoming more and more aware of health issues, and their attitudes towards food are constantly changing. One example of Tesco adapting its product mix is to accommodate an increased demand for organic products. The company was also the first to allow customers to pay in cheques and cash at the checkout. Technological Factors: Technology is a major macro-environmental variable which has influenced the development of many of the Tesco products. The new technologies benefit both customers and the company: customer satisfaction rises because goods are readily available, services can become more personalized and shopping more convenient. Tesco stores utilize the following technologies: Wireless devices Intelligent scale Electronic shelf labeling Self check-out machine Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). The adoption of Electronic Point of Sale (EPoS), Electronic Funds Transfer Systems (EFTPoS) and electronic scanners have greatly improved the efficiency of distribution and stocking activities, with needs being communicated almost in real time to the supplier (Finch, 2004). Environmental Factors: In 2003, there has been increased pressure on many companies and managers to acknowledge their responsibility to society, and act in a way which benefits society overall (Lindgreen and Hingley, 2003). The major societal issue threatening food retailers has been environmental issues, a key area for companies to act in a socially responsible way. Hence, by recognizing this trend within the broad ethical stance. Tescos corporate social responsibility is concerned with the ways in which an organization exceeds the minimum obligations to stakeholders specified through regulation and corporate governance. (Johnson and Scholes, 2003) Graiser and Scott (2004) state that in 2003 the government has intended to launch a new strategy for sustainable consumption and production to cut waste, reduce consumption of resources and minimize environmental damage. The latest legislation created a new tax on advertising highly processed and fatty foods. The so-called fat tax directly affected the Tesco product ranges that have subsequently been adapted, affecting relationships with both suppliers and customers. Legal Factors: Various government policies and legislations have a direct impact on the performance of Tesco. For instance, the Food Retailing Commission (FRC) suggested an enforceable Code of Practice should be set up banning many of the current practices, such as demanding payments from suppliers and changing agreed prices retrospectively or without notice (Mintel Report, 2004). The presence of powerful competitors with established brands creates a threat of intense price wars and strong requirements for product differentiation. The governments policies for monopoly controls and reduction of buyers power can limit entry to this sector with such controls as license requirements and limits on access to raw materials (Mintel Report, 2004; Myers, 2004). In order to implement politically correct pricing policies, Tesco offers consumers a price reduction on fuel purchases based on the amount spent on groceries at its stores. While prices are lowered on promoted goods, prices elsewhere in the store are raised to compensate. Organizational Business Strategy: To produce great business performance it is necessary to turn strategies and plan into individual actions but it is not easy. Many companies repeatedly fail to truly motivate their people to work with enthusiasm, all together towards the corporate aim. Most companies and organizations know their businesses and strategies required for success. However many corporations especially large ones struggle to translate the theory into action plans that will enable the strategy to be successfully implemented and sustained. Formalization: Formalization is the extent to which rules and procedures are followed in an organization. This element varies across organizations. For example in some organization arrival and departure times to and from work are specified. In other organizations employees will spend sufficient time on the job to get the work done. In some organizations many rules are codified in huge manuals but no one pays attention to them. In others little is written down but rules are informally understood and followed. The most useful definition of formalization is that it represents the use of rules in an organization. The degree to which rules are followed not the degree to which they are codified. In Tesco shift type working system is there. Time punctuation is most important in Tesco. Each and every staff wears particular uniform. Specialization: Work specializations to describe the degree to which activities in the organization are subdivided into separate jobs. The essence of work specialization is that rather than an entire job being done by one individual it is broken down into a number of steps with each step being completed by a separate individual. In essence individuals specialize in doing part of an activity rather to the entire activity. In Tesco according to different positions different roles are there like general manager, purchasing manager, technical manager, finance manager, HR manager, customer service assistance etc. Hierarchy: In a hierarchical organization employees are ranked at various levels within the organization, each level is one above the other. At each stage in the chain, one person has a number of workers directly under them, within their span of control. The chain of command is a typical pyramid shape. A tall hierarchical organisation has many levels and a flat hierarchical organisation will only have a few. Tesco has a flat hierarchical structure with just six levels between checkout staff and chief executive. Each store manager is responsible for their store. External Environment: In retail Tesco is top of supermarket in UK. There are many competitors like Asda, Sainsbury. In current market position Tescos share is more than other retail company. Every year growth of Tesco is increase. In market position Tesco is stable. Culture: Tesco is now in international market. In Tesco many different culture people are working together not any obligation for culture and peoples value is same. In Tesco clear norms and value are there. Professionalism: Training is most important for every company. In some companies training is given by professional way while in small companies training is formal. Tesco gives high professional training. Goals and Strategy: Top management is to determine an organizations goals, strategy and design. Organizations mission is the official goal whereas in organization actually pursues, specific outcomes like resources, overall performance, market, employ development, innovation, productivity are operative goals. Strategy means plan for achieving organizational goals in competitive environment. Goals define where the organization wants to go, strategy how it will get there. Tescos main goal is to create value for customer to earn their lifetime loyalty. For achieving this goal Tesco do something new for customer. Tesco will remove plastic and paper bags. Size: Size of company is determined by number of stores it has and number of employees it has. It is also determined by revenue of company. It had revenue of 47.3 billion pounds for the year 2008. This made Tesco the fourth largest retailer of the world. Tesco is operating as 2318 stores and more than 326000 employees. Conclusion:

Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby as Commentary on the Failure of Society E

Fitzgerald's Corrupt View of Society in The Great Gatsby       "What people are ashamed of usually makes a good story," was said of Fitzgerald's novel, The Great Gatsby. The Great Gatsby is about the American Society at its worst and the downfall of those who attempt to reach its illusionary goals. The idea is that through wealth and power, one can acquire happiness. To get his happiness Jay Gatsby must reach into the past and relive an old dream. In order to achieve his dream, he must have wealth and power. Fitzgerald was wrong in the way he presented Gatsby's American Society because of the way Gatsby made money, found love, and lived his life.    The way in which Gatsby made money was a despicable practice. Gatsby's bootlegging business made him millions. The time during Prohibition in the 1920's was a opportune time to take advantage of the lack of alcohol and sell it for those who would pay large sums for it. Organized criminals catered to the needs of the drinking public by illegally supplying them with liquor. The book and Fitzgerald didn't reference straight to t...

How Music Affects the Brain Essay

Music: It’s been ingrained in our culture since the first instruments were made. It is such a large part of our society; we incorporate it into our daily lives through our phones, television, and media. Music stimulates the brain through the pleasure center and sends us waves of emotions and reactions. As a DJ, music is essential to my lifestyle. I’m constantly listening to different beats, tempos, and rhythms. Music rises and falls with the generation at that time. The brain is the commander of our actions; it tells us what to do, say, act, and react. Music is in our anatomy. It fills our blood stream with the treble of the bass, drop of the beats, and fast tempos. The brain interprets music by releasing certain chemicals, affecting our personality, and improving our motor skills. There are ten main parts of the brain that picks up music and interprets it for us. They are the corups callosum, motor cortex, prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, amygdala, sensory cortex, auditory cortex, hippocampus, visual cortex, and the cerebellum. â€Å"The four major parts in our brain that help us register music are, motor cortex, auditory cortex, nucleus accumbens, and the amygdala† (Cooper). The motor cortex is in charge of movement; foot tapping, dancing, and playing an instrument. The auditory cortex evaluates our first perception of the sounds and analysis of tones we are listening to. The nucleus accumbens and amygdala are our emotional reactions to the music. All of these concepts in our brain send neurons to the body and we display either distaste or enjoyment when listening to music. According to â€Å"Music Listening Releases Dopamine† which is a study conducted by researchers at McGill University in Canada. An initial 217 participants were narrowed down to 8 who consistently responded the same way when listening to music regardless of the listening environment (Moore). This proved that when listening to music our body releases a chemical called dopamine, which is a feel good pheromone. â€Å"Humans have the ability to obtain pleasure from more abstract stimuli, such as music and art, which are not directly essential for survival and cannot be considered to be secondary or conditioned reinforces. These stimuli have persisted through cultures and generations and are pre-eminent in most people’s lives† (Salimpoor). Music not only affects us biologically but also on the outside. Our personality is a big faà §ade of who we are. We put that act out there for the world to see, to be accepted and follow status quo. â€Å"Our emotions are affected by music, there are two kind of emotions: perceived emotions and felt emotions. This means that sometimes we can understand the emotions of a piece of music without actually feeling them, which explains why some of us find listening to sad music enjoyable, rather than depressing† (Cooper). â€Å"When you are listening to your favorite melodies and harmonies it can trigger the brain to release large amounts of dopamine, a chemical that sends â€Å"feel good† signals to the rest of the body and plays a role in both motivation and addiction† (Listening to Music Can Prompt the Brain to Send Positive Signals throughout the Body). Professor Adrian North of Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK, has undertaken the largest study so far of musical tastes and personality type. â€Å"He is an expert on music psychology and has carried out extensive research on the social and applied psychology of music, in particular the relationship between pop music culture and deviant behavior in adolescence, music and consumer behavior, and the role of musical preference in everyday life†(Collingwood). Over the course of three years, Professor North asked more than 36,000 people in more than 60 countries to rate a wide range of musical styles in order of preference. Certain aspects of personality were also measured by questionnaire. â€Å"People do actually define themselves through music and relate to other people through it but we haven’t known in detail how music is connected to identity† (North). He believes that his results show why people can get defensive about what they like to listen to, as it is l ikely to be profoundly linked to their outlook on life. Since music is greatly incorporated into our society, it is easy to identify yourself with I’m this kind of genre, and we’re that way mentality. By listening to only one kind of genre you are not exposing yourself to other types and not allowing yourself to have a new perspective on things. Also with music being in our everyday lives are it is especially important to be aware of what kind of music we are listening too. The choice of song you choose to relish in could make or break your day. Another important aspect of how music interacts with the brain, is how it improves our motor skills. By listening to music our  neurons are registering the beats, tempos and rhythms; which gets us tapping our feet and swinging our hips to the rhythm of the beat. In 1911, an American researcher, Leonard Ayres, found that cyclists pedaled faster while listening to music than they did in silence. This study was done again in 2012 showed that cyclists who listened to music required 7% less oxygen to do the same work as those who cycled in silence. â€Å"This happens because listening to music can drown out our brain’s cries of fatigu e. As our body realizes we’re tired and wants to stop exercising, it sends signals to the brain to stop for a break† (Cooper). Listening to music competes for our brain’s attention, and can help us to override those signals of fatigue. Music is a motivator, not only can we push through the pain but work out longer. When working out we tend to play upbeat, fast paced, heavy temp music to get our heart beating. Certain types of music have a higher bpm (beats per minute) than others. For example, disco only has 120bpm meanwhile Dubstep a form of electronic dance music infused with base drops and screeches has 150bpm. Our bodies benefit by the type of music we listen to when we work out because it gets our blood pumping and our hearts beating faster, which keeps our body in shape. In conclusion, music has impacted many lives. It has influenced cultures, generations, movements, and our anatomy. Music is essential to our biology because it releases hormones that make us feel good, and emotions that are viable to our existence. It’s an interesting concept though that a bunch of sounds, rhythms, and be ats can be pieced together to create a beautiful piece of musical art to be heard and enjoyed by billions. For me as a DJ music really stimulates my brain. Whenever I’m listening to Dubstep which is at 150 bmp, it gets me pumped up and ready to go! If it was not for music then we would not have a sense of identity, or belonging. Music is a channeling force, it is available to everyone and you can get lost in it and forget your problems. Also when we are working out music is keeping us motivated to push through our weakness and is our aid in getting into shape. Without the piecing together of bass drops, sirens, scratches, or any other effects on music our mind would be a silent place. Works Cited Collingwood, Jane. â€Å"Preferred Music Style Is Tied to Personality† Psych Central. Psych Central, 30 Jan. 2013. Web. 02 Dec. 2013. Cooper, Belle B. â€Å"How Music Affects and Benefits Your Brain.† Lifehacker. Kinja, 22 Nov. 2013. Web. 02 Dec. 2013. â€Å"Listening to Music Can Prompt the Brain to Send Positive Signals throughout the Body.† Washington Post. The Washington Post, 01 Mar. 2011. Web. 03 Dec. 2013. Moore, Kimberly S. â€Å"Your Musical Self.† Psychology today. Psychology today, 28 Feb. 2011. Web. 02 Dec.2013. North, A. C. and Hargreaves, D. J. (2008). The social and applied psychology of music. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Web. 03 Dec. 2013. Salimpoor, V.N., Benovoy, M., Larcher, K., Dagher, A. & Zatorre, R.J. (2011). â€Å"Anatomically distinct dopamine release during anticipating and experience of peak emotion to music.† Nature Neuroscience, 09 January 2011. Web. 02 Dec. 2013.

Conforming Identity in Gilgamesh and There There by Tommy Orange - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1175 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/07/01 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Gilgamesh Essay Did you like this example? In the society, various things help us in relating to one another. One of them is identity where people classify themselves depending on who they are. The community is capable of educating an individual on specific things like where one came from, who are his ancestors and how people perceive him or her. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Conforming Identity in Gilgamesh and There There by Tommy Orange" essay for you Create order There people who struggle with realizing their identity because their parents do not help usher them to their specific culture. However, the society where one is brought depends on the personality that he or she is going to acquire. There is a certain age where one reaches and reality kicks in, and you realize that I have some differences (I am not like the rest). There cases where people realize as they grow that they have some attributes, powers or physical qualities that are entirely different from the other societal members. For example in the religious communities where people believe in superpowers, there might be people with these powers, and they double up as everyday human beings. Also, there people who move to new places and they settle there. As a result, interracial marriages might take place and children born out of such relationship are different. When such children are young, they might not note that they are entirely different, but when they attain a certain age, they will try to reconcile with their identity. Therefore, Identity can be self-imposed or self-realized. When the person has certain physical features or characteristics that may cause others to distinguish them by; people try to conform to that identity or repel it completely, defined by experience. This paper will give examples from Gilgamesh and There There by Tommy Orange texts to support the argument. The Epic of Gilgamesh gives a view of culture and how a community (Indian) undergoes through civilization. The author shows the positive and negative attributes of civilization. There are several characters who happens to be in the process of self-realization, and they learn about features about features that distinguish them from others. The first character is Gilgamesh who is arrogant and tyrannical. The author gives him these traits to show the effects of self-realization. Gilgamesh is at the top of the human ladder socially, and that is why he is proud. He has access to all the treasures and the riches in that society. It is through the process of searching for information to understand more about mortality. He learns that he is half human and half a god. At first, this characteristic disturbs him, and he feels that he should try as much as possible to get out of it. However, he sees an opportunity in it, and that is why he works to conform to his nature. The process of complying comes along with all these negative traits. In society, when people are in the process of identity search, they may turn out to be good or evil characters. That is the case with Gilgamesh, his heroism is seen in his actions. The author aims at educating the reader on how the people realize their differences. It cannot happen without interacting with other people and even traveling. Identity realization is always part of civilization where one learns all the facts about his or her nature. It depends on the level of enlightenment when it comes to embracing it or repelling it completely. The other character who is in a dilemma while searching his identity is Engidu who is created by the gods to neutralize Gilgamesh. However, it takes time before he realizes his purpose and that is why he spends a lot of time back in the forest with the animals. He does not understand why he was created by and the reason behind it. That is why Gilgamesh takes advantage due to his ignorance, and he lures him to his world. Gilgamesh is wise because he has a large percentage of Gods nature and that is why sends the hunter who reported the existence of Engidu with a priest to come with him. Engidu does not understand the human world at all; it is strange to him. Through the process of civilization, Engidu decides to leave his former identity when he realizes who he was. He joins the world of humans, and he starts to behave like them. In the text There There, a lot of conflicts is seen when people decide to conform to their identity. Some dont even know how to make decisions, and that is why they end up in a side that they do not wish to be for the rest of their lives. There is an American character in the text which makes a bad decision of staying with an abusive partner. These are people who are half Indian and half White (Natives) as that is why they always find themselves with hard decisions to make in life. Thomas is the other character who has some drinking habits, and he has lost his job. Born from a White mother and an Indian, he has a lot of problems relating with people in the society. That is why he breaks to these bad habits which cost his life. He is in the process of making a decision, but the author leaves him at an indecisive state. The most important thing is that the author present to the reader a young character who represents the younger generation and has already realized his identity and he i s more than ready to conform to it. Orvil Red Feather is a bold character who understands the need to own a culture. He is a teenager, and he decides to make a move of earning how to be an Indian. He is in a foreign country, and the only thing he can learn is the foreign culture. However, he has realized he is different, and he should embrace his real culture (Indian). That is why he takes a bold step to learn how to be an Indian through google. He has taught himself several dances which he will perform to the people (they are Indian dances). In a nutshell, the two texts have a character who is running away from their identity after they realize who they are and there are those who have conformed to the new change. When you accept who you are, you will have peace of mind, and that is why we see several characters in There There living a good life. Conversely, there are those characters who decide to repel from their identity, and it has adverse effects on them. For instance, Tony Loneman and Octavio Gomez struggle with alcohol-related problems because they are running away from their status which is the cause of the stress and trauma that they undergo. Works Cited Gilgamesh, Mesopotamian Mythology. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Gilgamesh (Oct 2018) Guide to the classics: the Epic of Gilgamesh (2017). https://theconversation.com/guide-to-the-classics-the-epic-of-gilgamesh-73444 (Oct 2018) Rowan Hisayo (2018) There There by Tommy Orange reviewNative American stories. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jul/18/there-there-tommy-orange-review (Oct 2018) Tommy Orange. There There. https://birchbarkbooks.com/all-online-titles/there-there (Oct 2018)

stop and frisk - 1498 Words

We live in world where police officers are suppose to be protected and help us out when needed. The reality of it is police officers are out here on the beat violating are constitutional rights. Stop and frisk was to help fight crime on the streets but all it caused was racial profiling by officers everyday for the last twelve years. Stop and frisk has been used and abused and young adults are afraid to leave their house because they know they will be harassed for no good reason. Stop and frisk has caused a war between the officers and people no one feels confortable going up to an officer for help because of pervious encounters because of stop and frisks. Why has this been going on for so long and when will it change? The meaning of†¦show more content†¦Mayor de Blasio goal when he came into office was to stop the racial profiling that has been overused to the young adults in are neighborhoods. The underlying message of the article is â€Å" paying the way to a reduction i n racial profiling, a greater guarantee of equal treatment under the law, and better relations between police and the community, this move offers a guide to other cities across the nation committed to ensuring safety, justice and fairness for all cities.† (Goodman 2014) The evidence that backs up this racial profiling claim is static from the nation urban league. â€Å"From 2002 to 2011, black and Latino residents made up close to 90 percent of people stopped, and about 88 percent of stops more than 3.8 million were innocent New Yorkers.† The bias of the author is against stop and frisk. This will affect the perspective of the article because it will show all the flaws in the NYPD. This article showed me that when you have people who care you could make a change in the world. The mayor has stop and frisk in new york and he has only been In office for a few months. The statics in this article shocked me because why are so many young adults of color are being stop just be cause they are walking down the street. We should be able to feel safe and protected not harassed and be judge by theShow MoreRelatedStop And Frisk : Stop Or Frisk1442 Words   |  6 PagesStop and Frisk What are stop and frisk? Who is allowed to use stop and frisk? Haq tells us that stop and frisk is a program that enables a police officer to stop, question, and frisk a person for weapons (Haq). This means that the police officer can stop, search and question you at any time only if they have reasonable suspicion; but, only if they follow the proper protocol and guidelines. Stop and Frisk will promote safety not only for the officer but also in society. Many people may think thatRead MoreStop and Frisk1557 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ My name is _________ and I am here to bring attention to the â€Å"Stop and Frisk Laws† and how they affect our youth and damage our society. Also through this exchange of information I hope to show how these type of laws go against our constitutional rights. First let’s ask what does Stop and frisk actually mean legally? â€Å"It’s the situation in which a police officer who is suspicious of an individual detains the person and runs his hands lightly over the suspects outer garments to determine ifRead MoreStop-and-Frisk Policy1057 Words   |  5 PagesThe stop-and-frisk policy could be considered a big controversy facing New York in recent times. The whole concept behind this stopping-and-frisking is the police officer, with reasonable suspicion of some crime committed or about to be committed, stops a pedestrian, questions them, then if needed frisks the person. This policy started gaining public attention back in 1968 from the Terry v. Ohio case. A police officer saw the three men casing a store and he believed they were going to rob the store;Read MoreThe Stop And Frisk Policy947 Words   |  4 PagesThe stop and frisk policy came about many years ago. The stop and frisk is used for protection for the officer or offi cers. An officer can stop a suspect and frisk him/her for weapons, contraband or any other items if the officer feels any other suspicion. A Stop and Frisk do not require a warrant. This practice is very common now days, but similar procedures to stop and frisk policy started in the 1980s. According to Clark (2015), the earliest origins of stop and frisk were used in 1994 by StreetRead MoreThe Stop And Frisk Laws1452 Words   |  6 PagesThe stop and frisk laws in New York City illustrate Max Weber’s idea of the societal role of laws because it shows how Weber distinguishes the law from things such as social norms and customs. In other words, Weber believes that rather than create laws that conform to the norms of society, they are made in accordance of the needs of a state. Weber defines law â€Å"as coercive order, an order that has the potential backing of the full force of the state,† (Law, Status, Wealth, and Power 110). A stateRead MoreWhat is Stop and Frisk? 1300 Words   |  6 Pagesis Stop and Frisk? The New York City stop-question-and-frisk program is a practice of the New York City Police Department by which police officers stop and question tens of thousands of pedestrians annually, and frisk them for weapons and other contraband (New York City Stop-question-frisk program). This program is said to keep weapons of the street but we are sure if their statements are accurate. Though the New York Police Department says this program helps keep weapons of the street, stop andRead MoreThe Stop And Frisk Police Essay2022 Words   |  9 PagesThe stop, question, and frisk policy qualifies as a criminal justice issue that has captured the attention of public nationwide. Empirical research has presented evidence that the stop and frisk police is disproportionately used against minorities, which indicates the prevalence of racial profiling. Firstly, statistical databases have shown that the New York Police Departments have stopped and friske d approximately 685,000 persons since 2011, with 85 percent of those individuals representing AfricanRead MoreWhat Is Stop And Frisk1419 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is stop and frisk? Who uses stop and frisk? According to Haq stop and frisk is a â€Å"program that enables a police officer to stop, question, and frisk a person for weapons†(1). This means that a police officer can only search someone if they possess reasonable suspicion and follow their guidelines. People should have open ideas of ways of reducing gun violence and not closing before hearing the proposals. People say that stop and frisk promote racial profiling and that it invades one’s privacyRead MoreThe Stop And Frisk Policy772 Words   |  4 PagesThe stop and frisk policy allows police officer to search only to an extent where it is enough to protect the safety of the officer. The stop and frisk policy has caused racial disparities in minority communities; furthermore, it also inflicted pain, resentm ent and anger among minorities. NYPD’s aggressive style of policing has caused great distrust between the minority community and law enforcement. Law enforcement agencies and the criminal justice system must understand the importance of trustRead MoreConstitutionality of Stop and Frisk1436 Words   |  6 Pagesincentive to respect this amendment, known as the â€Å"stop and frisk† act. The Stop and Frisk law allows police officers to stop someone and do a quick search of their outer clothing for weapons: if the officer has a reasonable suspicion that a crime has or is about to take place and the person stopped is armed or dangerous. The reasonable suspicion must be based with specific expressed facts and not on just an officer’s intuition or guess. The Stop and Frisk law balances crime control, protects an individual’s